Prostate Cancer: The Gland Truth About Men's Health

As a medical oncologist, I want to share important information about prostate cancer with the people of rural India. Prostate cancer is a serious disease that affects the prostate gland in men. It's important for all men, especially those over 50, to get regular prostate cancer screenings to detect the disease early when it's most treatable.

What is the prostate gland?

The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped gland located below the bladder in men. It's part of the male reproductive system and produces fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. As men age, the prostate can become enlarged and cause urinary problems.

Risk factors for prostate cancer

There are several factors that increase a man's risk of developing prostate cancer:

  • Age - The risk increases as men get older, especially after age 50.

  • Family history - Men with a close relative (father or brother) who had prostate cancer are at higher risk.

  • Race - African American men have the highest risk of prostate cancer in the world.

  • Diet - A diet high in red meat and high-fat dairy products may increase risk.

Symptoms of prostate cancer

Early prostate cancer often has no symptoms. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include:

  • Difficulty starting urination

  • Weak or interrupted urine flow

  • Frequent urination, especially at night

  • Difficulty emptying the bladder completely

  • Pain or burning during urination

  • Blood in the urine or semen

  • Painful ejaculation

  • Bone pain or fractures

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor right away for evaluation. However, keep in mind that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions like an enlarged prostate or prostatitis.

Screening for prostate cancer

The two main tests used to screen for prostate cancer are:

  1. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test - This measures the level of PSA in the blood. Higher than normal levels may indicate prostate cancer.

  2. Digital rectal exam (DRE) - During this exam, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormal areas.

The American Cancer Society recommends that men discuss the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening with their doctor starting at age 50 (or age 45 if at high risk). Screening is a personal decision that each man should make with his doctor based on his individual risk factors and preferences.

Treatment for prostate cancer

Treatment for prostate cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's age and overall health, and the potential side effects of treatment. Some common treatments include:

  • Active surveillance - For low-risk cancers, the doctor closely monitors the cancer with regular PSA tests, DREs, and biopsies.

  • Surgery - Radical prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the prostate gland and some surrounding tissue.

  • Radiation therapy - High-energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally or internally via radioactive seeds implanted in the prostate.

  • Hormone therapy - Drugs are used to block or lower testosterone levels to stop the cancer from growing.

  • Chemotherapy - Drugs are used to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body.

Reducing your risk of prostate cancer

While you can't control some risk factors like age and family history, there are some steps you can take to potentially reduce your risk:

  • Eat a healthy diet - Focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit red meat and high-fat dairy products.

  • Exercise regularly - Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.

  • Maintain a healthy weight - Being overweight or obese increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer.

  • Don't smoke - Smoking increases the risk of dying from prostate cancer.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer is a serious disease that affects many men, especially those over 50. Regular screening is important for early detection and treatment. If you have any symptoms or concerns, don't hesitate to talk to your doctor. Together, we can fight prostate cancer and save lives.