Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a significant health concern in India, affecting a considerable number of women. Understanding this disease is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. This blog aims to provide comprehensive information about breast cancer, including its definition, symptoms, types, treatment modalities, and the differences between chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer occurs when breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a mass or tumor. This cancer can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can develop in one or both breasts. Factors contributing to breast cancer include genetics, hormonal changes, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences. Although more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer, albeit at a much lower rate.For further insights, check out our detailed blog on understanding breast cancer.

Common Symptoms of

Breast Cancer

Early detection of breast cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. Here are some common warning signs and symptoms to watch for:

  1. Lump in the Breast: The most prevalent symptom, often painless and irregular in shape.

  2. Lump in the Armpit: Swelling or lumps in the armpit can indicate the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes.

  3. Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Sudden changes in the size or shape of one breast compared to the other.

  4. Skin Changes: Dimpling, puckering, or irritation of the breast skin.

  5. Nipple Discharge: Unusual discharge from the nipple, which may be clear, bloody, or yellow.

  6. Persistent Pain: Ongoing pain in the breast or nipple area that does not resolve.

For more information on symptoms, visit our blog on recognizing the signs of breast cancer.

Need for Biopsy

If a lump or abnormality is detected, a biopsy is often necessary to determine whether it is cancerous. This procedure involves removing a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope. A biopsy is essential for confirming a diagnosis of breast cancer and determining the specific type and stage of the disease, which will guide treatment decisions.Explore our blog on the importance of biopsies in cancer diagnosis for more details.

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer can be categorized into several types, including:

  • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct.

  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, where cancer cells invade surrounding breast tissue.

  • Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Begins in the lobules, where milk is produced.

  • Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A more aggressive form that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it harder to treat.

For a deeper understanding of these types, refer to our blog on breast cancer classifications.

Modalities of Treatment


Treatment for breast cancer varies based on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatment options include:

  • Surgery: Removing the tumor and some surrounding tissue.

  • Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy waves to target and kill cancer cells.

  • Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment using drugs to kill rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.

  • Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific characteristics of cancer cells, such as proteins or genes, to block their growth.

  • Immunotherapy: Uses the body's immune system to fight cancer by enhancing its ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Differences Between Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy, and Immunotherapy

Understanding the differences between these treatment modalities is crucial:

  • Chemotherapy: Aims to kill fast-growing cancer cells but can also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects like nausea, hair loss, and fatigue.

  • Targeted Therapy: Specifically targets cancer cell characteristics, often resulting in fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy. It is typically used for cancers with specific genetic markers.

  • Immunotherapy: Boosts the body's immune response against cancer. It can be effective for certain types of breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, which is harder to treat with traditional methods.

For a comprehensive comparison of these therapies, visit our blog on cancer treatment strategies. By understanding breast cancer's symptoms, types, and treatment options, patients can take proactive steps towards early detection and effective management. Awareness and education are vital in combating this prevalent disease in India.

Spotting the Signs: Are You Ignoring Your Body's SOS?

As a medical oncologist, I want to share some valuable information about breast cancer symptoms, early detection, and breast self-exam with the people of rural India. Breast cancer awareness is essential, and understanding these aspects can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment.Breast cancer symptoms are the body's way of signaling that something might be wrong. By being aware of these symptoms, you can take action promptly if you notice any changes in your body. Here are some common symptoms of breast cancer:

  • A lump or mass in the breast or armpit: If you feel a lump or notice a mass in your breast or under your armpit, it could be a sign of breast cancer. It's essential to pay attention to any unusual changes in your breast tissue.

  • Changes in the size or shape of the breast: Any significant changes in your breast should be evaluated by a doctor.

  • Nipple discharge, especially if it's bloody: If you notice any discharge from your nipple that is bloody or occurs without squeezing, it's crucial to seek medical attention.

  • Skin changes on the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, or redness: These changes could be a sign of breast cancer and should not be overlooked.

If you notice any of these changes in your breasts, it's important to see a doctor right away. Don't ignore your body's warning signs! Early detection is key to successful treatment and a better chance of overcoming breast cancer.Regular breast exams by a doctor and mammograms are essential, even if you feel fine. These tests can detect breast cancer early, before any symptoms appear.In this blog post, I want to emphasize the importance of performing regular breast self-exams at home. Here's a step-by-step guide to performing a breast self-exam:

  • Stand in front of a mirror with your arms at your sides. Look at your breasts in the mirror, checking for any changes in size or shape. Also, look for any skin changes, such as dimpling or redness.

  • Raise your arms and look for the same changes again. Pay close attention to the shape and contour of your breasts.

  • While lying down, use the pads of your fingers to feel your breasts in a circular motion. Start from the outer edges and gradually move towards the center. Be sure to cover the entire breast and armpit area.

  • Finally, gently squeeze your nipple to check for any discharge.

If you notice any changes during your self-exam, don't ignore them. Make an appointment with a doctor as soon as possible to get further evaluation.Remember, your health is precious - don't ignore the signs! By being aware of breast cancer symptoms and performing regular self-exams, you are taking an important step towards protecting your well-being. Early detection can save lives, so let's prioritize our health and spread breast cancer awareness in rural India.Together, we can make a difference in the fight against breast cancer. Stay vigilant, stay informed, and take care of your body. Your health matters!