Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs that produce eggs and hormones. It is often called the "silent killer" because symptoms are vague and usually appear in later stages. Early detection improves treatment success and survival rates.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer symptoms are often mistaken for other health issues. Common signs include:
- Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling.
- Pelvic or lower back pain.
- Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly.
- Frequent urination or urgent need to urinate.
- Fatigue and unexplained weight loss.
- Menstrual changes or abnormal bleeding.
Women experiencing these symptoms regularly should consult a doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is unclear, but certain risk factors increase the risk:
- Family history of ovarian or breast cancer.
- Inherited genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Age over 50, especially after menopause.
- Endometriosis or previous reproductive system conditions.
- Obesity and lack of physical activity.
- Long-term hormone replacement therapy.
- Never having been pregnant.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer appears in different forms:
- Epithelial Tumors: The most common type, starting in the outer layer of the ovary.
- Germ Cell Tumors: Begin in the cells that produce eggs.
- Stromal Tumors: Develop in hormone-producing ovarian tissue.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Doctors use several tests to confirm ovarian cancer:
- Pelvic Examination: Initial check for abnormalities.
- Ultrasound or CT Scan: Imaging to detect masses or tumors.
- Blood Tests (CA-125): Measures cancer markers in the blood.
- Biopsy or Surgery: Confirms diagnosis and stage of cancer.
Accurate diagnosis ensures the right treatment plan.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on cancer stage, type, and patient health. Options include:
- Surgery: Removal of one or both ovaries, fallopian tubes, and sometimes the uterus.
- Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs destroy or slow cancer cell growth.
- Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells (less common).
- Targeted Therapy: Blocks specific proteins that fuel cancer growth.
- Hormone Therapy: Slows hormone-sensitive tumors.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
Often, treatments are combined for better results.
Prevention and Lifestyle Choices
Although ovarian cancer cannot always be prevented, risk can be reduced by:
- Genetic testing for women with family history.
- Using oral contraceptives (linked to reduced risk).
- Maintaining a healthy weight and active lifestyle.
- Limiting hormone replacement therapy after menopause.
- Regular gynecological check-ups and screenings.
Living with Ovarian Cancer
Living with ovarian cancer requires medical and emotional support. Many patients benefit from counseling, nutrition guidance, and support groups. Open communication with healthcare providers helps manage side effects and improves quality of life.
